Monday, December 15, 2014

12/15/14 APES-Career center Tuesday

The following is the criteria for the presentation starting next week;

Ether alone, or, with a partner research an environmental issue (ex. Ocean trash, over fishing, desertification,glacier melt, poverty etc).  Put together a 5-7 minute presentation of the issue, what it is, what it effects, and human solutions ether currently being done or a well researched and documented proposal you have.  Must be a minimum of ten slides, and well presented with a written outline to turn in.  Please be sure to cite all your information!!!!

We will be starting Wednesday 12/17.  There will be no repeats so once you decide on an issue tell be so I can sign you up for it ASAP.

Please turn in required work as soon as you can,  Thursday latest.  Your lab write up does not need to be typed as long as it's legible.

Friday, December 12, 2014

12/15 APES NO Career Center Monday

We'll be in the class Monday, bring books, Tuesday Career Center to work on presentations if you need to.

I'd like to start presentations on Wednesday.

Have a great weekend!

Tuesday, December 9, 2014

12/10- Presentation info



The following link we will be using regularly for the remainder of the year, please copy it and favorite for ease of access.  


http://www.cengage.com/cgi-wadsworth/course_products_wp.pl?fid=M20b&product_isbn_issn=9780495556718&discipline_number=22

I have changed the reviews to only up to chapter 13, however, you do need to send me two chapters of the practice tests form the link above.  You can take them as many times until you pass.


The following is the criteria for the presentation starting next week;

Ether alone, or, with a partner research an environmental issue (ex. Ocean trash, over fishing, desertification,glacier melt, poverty etc).  Put together a 5-7 minute presentation of the issue, what it is, what it effects, and human solutions ether currently being done or a well researched and documented proposal you have.  Must be a minimum of ten slides, and well presented with a writen outline to turn in.

We will be starting next Wednesday.  There will be no repeats so once you decide on an issue tell be so I can sign you up for it ASAP.


Sunday, December 7, 2014

12/8 APES Books Tuesday

Please turn in notebooks with chapters 9-10 completed tomorrow, and bring books to work on 11-12 on Tuesday, with the goal being to finish chapter 14 by semester end (two weeks).

I have started to grade the tests and will be completed by Wednesday.

Next quiz is Friday, with a Final the following week (we will discuss this Tomorrow)

Be familiar with the acronym HIPPCO from chapter 11 as it applies to most environmental impacts humans have on the planet.

Make sure you finish the DVD handout by the end of class tomorrow, I'll be sending the letters off on Tuesday.

Sunday, November 30, 2014

APES 11/30- Bring in Books/quiz

Please bring in books to work on chapters 9-10.  

Quiz Wednesday:  Marine and fresh water ecosystems (label and describe areas), Los Angeles water history, Colorado river, Ozone hole CFC's/ HFC's

Rain, Rain, Rain!!  Most Importantly SNOW PACK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


Saturday, November 22, 2014

11/26 Career Center all classes


Career Center Monday, here are the links

APES


http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/monthly/SH.html

http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/

http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualriver/

http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/?cid=nrcs142p2_054167

Biology

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/

http://www.biomanbio.com/

http://www.cellsalive.com/


Cadillac Desert series

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0444F9186975498D


Tuesday, November 18, 2014

11/18 APES

Quiz is scheduled for Friday

KNOW THE ACTS AND PROTOCOLS THAT YOU MADE THE FLASH CARDS FOR

Also, the Keystone pipeline what it is, impacts on environment, benefits, and outcome of the vote last week.

Tomorrow there will be a special presentation 1st period, so....if you are able to work out to come in (6th period) please do!  .......You still have to come 6th period though:)

Link to the 60 minutes video 
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/depleting-the-water/ 

Thursday, November 13, 2014

APES Friday 11/14


Chapter 7-8 review questions are due Monday, if you can turn it in Tomorrow it would be appreciated.  Bring books again.

Keystone pipeline link.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2014/11/12/louisiana-lawmakers-jockey-to-approve-keystone-xl-pipeline/

Link to the carbon, coal reduction with China

http://fortune.com/2014/11/13/smog-choked-china-cuts-a-climate-deal-with-obama-and-tries-to-tame-its-coal-beast/

Monday, November 10, 2014

APES 11/12 Books

Please bring in books Wednesday, and if you think of it a piece of fruit.  


We'll be working through chapter 8 for the next few days, and going over some important environmental legislation.

Have a nice Veterans day!!!



Wednesday, November 5, 2014

APES 11/6

Lab Thursday, working in groups of 3-4 (no more than 4)

Friday bring books to work on chapter 7 questions.

Please bring in a type of fruit for Monday, seriously.

Thursday, October 30, 2014

10/31 Books Friday

Working on chapter 6 review questions tomorrow, bring books.

Have a fun Halloween!

Tuesday, October 28, 2014

10/29 No quiz Wednesday, Career Center Thursday

The quiz is postponed until Friday (or, perhaps Monday)

The short answer will be...

1) National monuments, what they are, why important (3 reasons), list three, how different from National Parks, how created.

2) Invasive species:  defined, how impact environment ( three described impacts), identify three animal, and two plant species, solutions.

3) CCD (Colony Collapse Disorder), identify, impacts, why bees are important, define Natural Capital, explain the main reasons its happening, provide solutions. Here's the link to the video we watched in class.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rEDtwi2FoM  

Career Center Thursday-Use websites from Monday

Sunday, October 26, 2014

APES Career Center Monday

Here are the interactive websites we'll be using tomorrow.  Tuesday we'll meet in the the room for attendance and head to the play right after.


http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/interactives/

http://www.electrocity.co.nz/

http://concord.org/stem-resources/african-lions-modeling-populations 

Thursday, October 23, 2014

APES 10/24

Tomorrow due

Chapter 5 review questions, letter to USDA/NICIS 1-2 pages hand written or typed (you can turn it in your notebook), final lab procedures typed, and all notes/observations from notebook.  Finally the forest system food web handout.  

We will have a good part of the period to work on this, especially considering that 6th period didn't get time today in order to watch the partial solar eclipse.

Monday in Career Center

Have a great weekend!!!!

Tuesday, October 21, 2014

APES 10/22 lab report/web due


Lab report and food web handout due Wednesday, review questions and NICIS both due Friday.  Tomorrow have books, to work on questions, and vocabulary.

Please include the actual simulation of your variables with your report.


High pH Alkaline “Mono Lake” reduce ATP, and enzyme reactions in cells to organisms
Low pH-vinegar, acidic- mine draining and tailings
Salt- Salt water intrusions, increased evaporation
Sugar- land fill discharge, eutrophication
Alcohol-toxic spill
Heat-global climate change
Light- increased UV ozone hole
Dark-succession

Microwave-radiation

Monday, October 20, 2014

APES 10/21- BRING BOOKS

We'll be using the books Tuesday and Wednesday, please bring them in, you can leave them here if you want to.

Invasive species link

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iKYcqKyXic

Sunday, October 19, 2014

APES 10/20

If you want a few extra credit points, present the "scientific myth" Monday or Tuesday, must have visuals, be thought provoking, organized, convincing with citation, and evidence.

Please record first observation of lab tomorrow and record in notebooks, be sure to add what your simulation represents.  I.E.  mining, UV, radiation, toxic spill etc. 

We will read an article "Invasive Species" from Time magazine, be sure to write a reflection after reading based on the writing from the article, state specific evidence and where found.  1.5 pages.

Bring books on Tuesday to work on chapter 5.

Wednesday, October 15, 2014

APES 10/16

Lab should be completed by Friday to turn in along with the food web handout.  Please have the final version typed (as a group) and submitted with rough draft by next Wednesday.  I'll collect everything that day.  

Chapter 5 review questions and quiz next Friday.

Here's a recent report on an international study of ocean acidification, and policy concerns.

http://sciencenordic.com/ocean-acidification-yes-it%E2%80%99s-serious 

Monday, October 13, 2014

New National Monument

The newest National Monument is just East of LA,  created under executive order which is different than how National Parks are created.  Currently President Obama has signed into legislation 12 new monuments, and greatly expanded another during his tenure.

This is the link

http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/10/10/3578621/obamas-national-monuments/ 

Sunday, October 12, 2014

APES 10/13

Please turn in the Chapter 4 questions and begin chapter 5.  The "myth" assignment is also due today, I've been getting peoples PowerPoint so please send them to my email   bhofsteen@turlock.k12.ca.us

Today we're completing the handout from last week and starting a self designed lab.

Happy Monday!!

Wednesday, October 8, 2014

APES-10/9 myths due date change

After consideration of many peoples busy schedules the myth write up/ PowerPoint/ etc.  is now due on Monday.  It should be at least one page, or five slides with graphic.  Site sources.

This is the final free response question-


What are the main reasons plants and animals are are becoming endangered or going extinct?

use the class articles and this link
http://online.wsj.com/articles/report-wildlife-numbers-drop-by-half-since-1970-1412085197?KEYWORDS=loss+of+biodiversity 





Tuesday, October 7, 2014

APES 10/7 test information

Friday's test will be 25 multiple choice questions ONLY from chapter 4.

There will be five short answer questions 

they are:

1)  Discuss world food shortages and strategies to solve them.

2)  Agricultural benefits and impacts of the recent increase in Almond orchards.

3)  Amphibian decline, why is it happening? Why important and what can be done? P.78, 94, and 96

4)  Four natural capital components of biodiversity P.79

5)  Water use in California, what is changing and what are the impacts?

Monday, October 6, 2014

APES 10/7

Tuesday we'll be finishing and giving presentations from the Global Satellite Imaging cards.

Wednesday we're completing an environmental impact self designed lab, you will be working in groups of four.

If you haven't yet make sure to sign up for which "myth" you are going to research.  A one page write up on what you find out, and determine if it is indeed a myth.  Here's the link to the site.

http://skepticalscience.com/argument.php 

I will put up a study guide for the test this Friday later today or early tomorrow.

Thursday, October 2, 2014

APES 10/3

This is a link for the aerosols piece of the GLOBE satellite activity.

http://terra.nasa.gov/FactSheets/Aerosols


Chapter 4 questions due Thursday, we'll have Wednesday class time to work on them.

Unit one TEST is scheduled for next Friday covering chapters 1-4

Tuesday, September 30, 2014

Biology unit test Friday

Unit test for Ecology part 1 is this Friday for Biology classes.

APES retake and movie questions due tomorrow.

We are the first "state" to ban plastic bags by July 2015

https://www.turlockcitynews.com/news/item/3594-california-becomes-first-state-to-ban-plastic-bags

Sunday, September 28, 2014

9/29

Chapter 3 review questions due today.  Quiz retake (if you want to) is this Wednesday.

I hope to start the movie "Food Inc." today to continue to build on our background understanding of the challenges to feed the growing human population projected to be 9 billion by 2050.

Wednesday, September 24, 2014

APES 9/25 BOOKS FRIDAY

Today we'll be reading an article about strategies to solve world food shortages.  After reading pick and chose which strategies you think are the best options and write up a summary in your notebook.

Each of you will pick one section from the following "myths of science" (no repeats per class)
research it, develop your perspective and present it to the class.  If you want to do this as partners you can. This is the link.
http://skepticalscience.com/argument.php

I would like chapter three review questions by Friday, but, you can turn them in on Monday and not be late.

Monday, September 22, 2014

9/23 APES QUIZ Wednesday Biology test Friday

APES quiz Wednesday.  Know the ecology vocabulary, three examples each of positive and negative feedback loops, and diagram the nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and water cycles INCLUDING HUMAN IMPACTS ON THEM from chapter 3.


Biology-Ecology packet part one due and test this Friday.

Keep an eye out for large cats roaming the streets, here's the link to the video taken of it.

http://www.kcra.com/news/local-news/news-modesto/officials-search-for-mountain-lion-in-turlock/28182272

Friday, September 19, 2014

9/22 Fall equinox!

Fall equinox on Sunday, it's now Fall!

Here's the executive summary plan to combat "ARB"  Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/carb_national_strategy.pdf

Test Wednesday- chapter 2
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/guide/science/explained/feedbacks

Thursday, September 18, 2014

9/19 APES lab questions due

Happy Friday

Lab questions are due individually Friday.

Please read feedback section in book and the link from yesterday for quiz.

Interesting legislation to combat "antibiotic resistant bacteria" (ARB) signed as an executive order.

http://www.cnbc.com/id/102013481#.

Have a great weekend!

Wednesday, September 17, 2014

9/18 APES bring books

This is a link for positive and negative feedback examples.  The scheduled quiz is now next week Wednesday.  Please know the cycles and feedback loops with examples.

http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/guide/science/explained/feedbacks

BOOKS TOMORROW!!!

Tuesday, September 16, 2014

APES 9/17

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnmCSXv0DB8&feature=youtu.be


Finish  bio magnification/bio accumulation lab today.  Some of you finished in 6th period today, go ahead and work on the review tomorrow (still have to bring in books though...I only have five).

Turn in the questions individually, you do not need to turn in a lab write up as a group (the questions cover that).

Please bring in books Thursday we will be working on the review questions for chapter 2 which are due that day.

World population clock link from US Census Bureau

http://www.census.gov/popclock/ 

Sunday, September 14, 2014

APES 9/15

This is the link to the TED talks we'll be watching tomorrow for reducing desertification on the worlds grasslands using HM practices, and the international seed bank in Norway.

http://www.ted.com/talks/cary_fowler_one_seed_at_a_time_protecting_the_future_of_food

http://www.ted.com/talks/allan_savory_how_to_green_the_world_s_deserts_and_reverse_climate_change#t-826098

Please familiarize with the cycling of matter from pages 62-70 in your book.  There will be a quiz this Thursday on those cycles.

I will collect your notebooks that day as well with the chapter two review questions included.

I hope to see everyone and meet your parents at back to school night!!!

Thursday, September 11, 2014

9/12 Library

Use this link tomorrow during class and be sure to take notes on the sites you use.

http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/courses/teachers_corner/19375.html


Lab reports are due, if you need time to finish you can do it in class, one per group.

Finally, I need to check of that you can find specific data from the census site and make an Excel or Google graph from in.  ( 10 Points)

Wednesday, September 10, 2014

APES link to populations

http://factfinder2.census.gov/

Research how to make population pyramids from yesterdays link.

Use the census link to gather multiple sets of data starting with world population information.  Then pick a country to fucus on, finally local data to compare with other data.  Try to generate graphs in excel or Google to save and send to one, or, two other people to analyze the data.

LINK  Use this link to learn how to use Google spreadsheet for population pyramides

https://sites.google.com/a/boerneisd.net/chs-apes/related-games 

http://game.reefcheckaustralia.org/




Tuesday, September 9, 2014

APES 9/10

Please be sure to read chapter two and do the review questions as we did for chapter 1.  This is due next Thursday.

Lab reports are due Friday, and graph any data collected.  

We'll be in the career center and library Thursday and Friday, just meet there.  I'll leave a sign on the door in case you forget.
Here's a link to learn how to make population pyramids. (Ctrl and click) Population Pyramid Generator  

Here are examples of Deductive and Inductive reasoning.

Deductive reasoning is a type of reasoning which goes from general to specific. Deductive reasoning is based on premises and if the premises are true, then the reasoning will be valid.

  • All dolphins are mammals, all mammals have kidneys; therefore all dolphins have kidneys. 
  • The Earth is a planet, and all planets orbit a sun, therefore the Earth orbits a sun.
  • Snakes are reptiles and reptiles are cold-blooded; therefore, snakes are cold-blooded.
The term "inductive reasoning" refers to reasoning that takes specific information and makes a broader generalization that is considered probable, allowing for the fact that the conclusion may not be accurate.

  • Robert is a teacher. All teachers are nice. Therefore, it can be assumed that Robert is nice.
  • All cats that you have observed purr. Therefore, every cat must purr.
  • All observed brown dogs are small dogs. Therefore, all small dogs are brown.

Friday, September 5, 2014

APES 9/8 Independent/Dependent variables

Chapter 1 review questions are due Monday. 

We will be taking our first diagnostic test Monday which is a chance to see what you know at this time based on APES practice tests.

WHAT ARE INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES?

Question: What's a variable?
Answer: A variable is an object, event, idea, feeling, time period, or any other type of category you are trying to measure. There are two types of variables-independent and dependent.
Question: What's an independent variable?
Answer: An independent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure. For example, someone's age might be an independent variable. Other factors (such as what they eat, how much they go to school, how much television they watch) aren't going to change a person's age. In fact, when you are looking for some kind of relationship between variables you are trying to see if the independent variable causes some kind of change in the other variables, or dependent variables.
Question: What's a dependent variable?
Answer: Just like an independent variable, a dependent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is something that depends on other factors. For example, a test score could be a dependent variable because it could change depending on several factors such as how much you studied, how much sleep you got the night before you took the test, or even how hungry you were when you took it. Usually when you are looking for a relationship between two things you are trying to find out what makes the dependent variable change the way it does.
Many people have trouble remembering which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable. An easy way to remember is to insert the names of the two variables you are using in this sentence in they way that makes the most sense. Then you can figure out which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable:
(Independent variable) causes a change in (Dependent Variable) and it isn't possible that (Dependent Variable) could cause a change in (Independent Variable).
For example:
(Time Spent Studying) causes a change in (Test Score) and it isn't possible that (Test Score) could cause a change in (Time Spent Studying).
We see that "Time Spent Studying" must be the independent variable and "Test Score" must be the dependent variable because the sentence doesn't make sense the other way around.

Have a nice weekend! 

Thursday, September 4, 2014

BRING BOOKS TOMORROW

We'll be working on chapter 1 review questions in class tomorrow, bring books.  You can leave them in the room if you want to.

Wednesday, September 3, 2014

APES desalination

It's been a big few days for California.  First, groundwater regulation, then single use plastic bag regulation, and  finally the near completion of  the desalination plant in Carlsbad, near San Diego.

Here are two video links to the process of desalination and the potential impacts and natural services.
You need to either highlight and click on link, or, copy and paste.
  
http://www.nbcsandiego.com/video/#!/news/politics/San-Diego-Explained--The-Desalination-Debate/83414667

 http://www.cbsnews.com/news/california-ocean-desalination-plant-drinking-water-in-san-diego/

"Scientific American"  link explaining desalination as a last resort for water shortages.

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-impacts-of-relying-on-desalination/

Page 335 of your book asks the question if desalination is a useful way to expand water supplies.  What do you think?

Tomorrow we'll be completing the lab.  Be creative in the variables you want to use.

Tuesday, September 2, 2014

APES 9/3


OK, all quizzes and essays are graded, you should be able to view everything.

Here's the link to the second article we'll be reading regarding the recent groundwater regulation legislation.


http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/01/us/politics/desperately-dry-california-tries-to-curb-private-drilling-for-water.html?_r=0

The chapter review questions are on page 24-25.  We will have class time on Friday to work on it, please bring in your book that day (or, set up with someone to share).

Monday, September 1, 2014

APES 9/2

 

Here's the link to the film "Home".  You have to copy and paste (sorry).  This is an exceptional movie to  inform you on the many pressures the earth is facing, and the many interesting solutions countries are currently implementing. If you want to skip a bit of it start at minute 15.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqxENMKaeCU

All quizzes are graded, you can see your score, but, I still need to get them in the grade book tomorrow.

Here's the link to important legislation passed as a means to try and abate the impacts of the "exceptional drought" much of the state is experiencing.  We will be reading this in class.  

 http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/08/30/3477615/underground-water-regulation-california-first-ever/


Be sure to read chapter 1 and answer the chapter review questions by Friday.

Thursday, August 28, 2014

APES ESSAY due Tuesday

I decided to extend the deadline for the Mission Blue essay to Tuesday.  If you're finished please turn it in, but it will not be considered late if turned in Tuesday.  With the extension I will not accept essays after that day.

Have a nice three day weekend! 

Wednesday, August 27, 2014

APES 8/28 -Quiz Friday

There will be a quiz Friday covering the following: ....

and, keep up on readings

1) "tragedy of the Commons"  What is it?  Be able to list AND describe clearly THREE international examples and TWO local examples.

2) What is "Environmental Science"?  The goals of the AP Environmental Science course are to (1) provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships in the natural world, (2) to identify and analyze environmental problems or challenges (both natural and human-made), (3) to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems, and (4) to examine alternative solutions for resolving and/or preventing them.

3) Rule of 70 both doubling time and % growth rate formulas (they are just opposite of each other)

ex.  2% growth is 70/2= 35 years    Doubling time 35 years 70/35= 2% growth rate.

Essay is due on Friday.

That's it!  Easy!!

Please be sure to read chapter one in your book by Wednesday next week and work on review questions.

Monday, August 25, 2014

APES Essay due Friday

Essay from the movie "Mission Blue" choose one of the established protected areas, or a "HOPE" spot and write a one page hand written essay about it.  This should include environmental impacts, reasons for protection, and the environmental/economical significance of the area.  Please look at the website from the previous post for information about your location.





Friday, August 22, 2014

APES Readings 8/23

Readings for unit one.  So far....

                                         Economic Forces

                                         Environmental Ethics

                                         Measuring (and Reducing) the Human Footprint

                                         Multiple Stresses on Interconnected Systems

                                         Issues and Options

                                        Environmental Laws and Regulations




Thursday, August 21, 2014

APES "Mission Blue"

http://mission-blue.org/     (you need to type it in)

Here's the link to the site from the movie we will be watching.  Please be sure you know 3 established protected ocean areas and 2 "hope" areas.  These places are critical to protect the species diversity, and overall health of our most abundant feature which "is" the ocean. *yes, there are many named oceans, but, they are all interconnected.   Her name is Dr. Sylvia Earl.   I like the magnifying glass feature when looking at places and photos.

http://pppm.uoregon.edu/welcome    Here's where I got my professional degree major at the University of Oregon   

Undergraduate major in Planning Public Policy and Management: With a focus on “Leadership and Change,” this degree prepares graduates for professional positions in a variety of public service agencies and organizations.

About PPPM

Welcome to PPPM!

Hendricks Hall, Summer
The Department of Planning, Public Policy and Management (PPPM) is concerned with the ways governments, nonprofit organizations, and other institutions address some of the most important problems facing society today. 

Tuesday, August 19, 2014

APES 8/19/14 "Tragedy of the Commons"


Ten Real-Life Examples of the Tragedy of the Commons


The phrase tragedy of the commons, first described by biologist Garrett Hardin in 1968, describes how shared environmental resources are overused and eventually depleted. He compared shared resources to a common grazing pasture; in this scenario, everyone with rights to the pasture grazes as many animals as possible, acting in self-interest for the greatest short-term personal gain. Eventually, they use up all the grass in the pasture; the shared resource is depleted and no longer useful.
Here are ten examples of the tragedy of the commons.
  1. Grand Banks fisheries
    The Grand Banks are fishing grounds off the coast of Newfoundland. For centuries, explorers and fishermen described this region as home to an endless supply of cod fish. In the 1960s and 1970s, advances in fishing technology allowed huge catches of cod. Following a few dramatically large seasons, the fish populations dropped, forcing Canadian fishermen to sail farther to maintain large catch sizes each season.
    By the 1990s, cod populations were so low that the Grand Banks fishing industry collapsed. It was too late for regulation and management; the cod stocks had been irreparably damaged. Since then, the cod populations have remained low, and some scientists doubt the Grand Banks ecosystem will ever recover.
  2. Bluefin Tuna
    Currently the bluefin tuna populations in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean face a similar fate as that of the Grand Banks cod. In the 1960s, fishermen realized the tuna populations were in danger, and an International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) formed in an effort to manage fish harvesting more sustainably.
    Unfortunately, not every nation is a member of the ICCAT or follows the convention’s guidelines. Instead, many nations continue to seek profit from large bluefin tuna catches every year without regard for conservation. Bluefin tuna have already been fished to extinction in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, and perhaps the Atlantic bluefin tuna will follow.
  3. Passenger pigeons
    When Europeans arrived in North America, passenger pigeons migrated across the sky in huge numbers. As settlers spread farther into the continent, they began to clear the forests that passenger pigeons inhabited (destroying the birds’ habitat) and eventually began to hunt the pigeons for food. In the mid-1800s, they caught massive numbers of pigeons in nets and sold the birds in cities as a food resource.
    By 1870, nearly all the passenger pigeons had been killed; hunting limits were enacted in the 1890s, but by that time, the passenger pigeon population couldn’t recover. The last known passenger pigeon (held in captivity at a zoo) died in 1914, completing the extinction of a species because of unsustainable hunting practices.
  4. Ocean garbage gyres
    The ocean is an excellent example of a shared resource that can easily be abused and degraded because it’s shared by many different nations. No single authority has the power to pass laws that protect the entire ocean. Instead, each nation manages and protects the ocean resources along its coastlines, leaving the shared common space beyond any particular jurisdiction vulnerable to pollution.
    Throughout the world’s oceans, garbage has begun to accumulate in the center of circular currents, or gyres. These giant patches of ocean garbage occur because many different countries allow solid waste to enter the oceans from land or ships. Destruction of ocean ecosystems because of garbage, especially plastic pollutants, is likely to affect every person on the planet as these pollutants cycle through the food chain.
  5. Earth’s atmosphere
    Earth’s atmosphere is another resource that everyone on the planet uses and abuses. Air pollution and greenhouse gases from various industries and transportation increasingly damage this valuable, shared resource.
    As an example of a tragedy of the commons, the atmosphere offers some hope for a solution: More than once, international agreements have recognized the importance of taking care of the atmosphere. One example is the Kyoto Protocol, which attempted to bring nations together in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and slowing global climate warming.
    Multiple nations recognized that everyone had an interest in preserving this common resource for the future and agreed to look beyond short-term gain and immediate self-interest to a sustainable future.
  6. Gulf of Mexico dead zone
    Thousands of farms are located along the Mississippi River and its tributaries through the central U.S. As water washes into the river after a heavy rain, it brings with it nutrients from fertilizers added to farmland. These materials flow downriver and eventually enter the Gulf of Mexico, where they create conditions for a dead zone — a region of the ecosystem that can’t support any living creatures.
    The Gulf of Mexico has a dead zone because everyone along the Mississippi River shares the waterway without considering how each small contribution of nutrient and chemical pollution adds up to have dramatic results.
  7. Traffic congestion
    Public roads are an excellent example of common property shared by many people. Each of these people has his or her own interest in mind — typically, how to get to work as quickly and easily as possible. But when everyone decides that public roads are the best way to meet traveling needs, the roads jam up and slow down overall traffic movement, filling the air with pollutants from idling cars.
    Turning public roads into private roads or toll roads creates a different scenario. With a toll to pay (especially if the toll is higher during peak-use hours such as rush hour), drivers may consider a less-direct route or choose to drive to work at a different time.
  8. Groundwater in Los Angeles
    Landowners around Los Angeles each have rights to use the water pumped up from wells on their land. This water is part of a regional groundwater aquifer, so each landowner is ultimately pulling water from the same pool. As the city grew in the 1930s and 1940s, the amount of water drawn from the underground aquifer increased each year to meet the needs of the growing population.
    Eventually, residents drew so much water from the aquifer that the supply reached levels that left the aquifer vulnerable to saltwater intrusion from the nearby Pacific Ocean. Facing potential water shortages and possible destruction of the renewable water resource they depended on, the water users created a voluntary organization to discuss how to manage and conserve the groundwater for the future.
  9. Unregulated logging
    The tropical rainforests are a common resource that everyone in the world benefits from. In some parts of the world, vast expanses of dense rainforests aren’t governed or owned in a way that allows effective management for resource extraction. Timber producers are driven to remove as much timber as possible as cheaply as possible. The result is that logging irreparably damages acres of rainforest each year.
    Although some laws protect these forests from destructive logging practices, illegal logging continues — particularly along boundaries between countries, where the laws may be different on each side of the border.
  10. Population growth
    Some scientists consider the exponential growth of the human population to be an example of a tragedy of the commons. In this case, the common resource is the planet Earth and all its shared resources. The world’s population has reached a whopping 7 billion individuals.
    Examining population growth as a tragedy of the commons illustrates that the depletion of common resources isn’t always the result of greed. Just by existing, each person uses water, air, land, and food resources; splitting those resources among 7 billion people (and counting) tends to stretch them pretty thin.

Monday, August 18, 2014

APES assignment #1


Here's the link to the ecologic footprint calculator.  Please start with the US then do at least four other countries preferably on different continents.  Bring in results and be ready to share.

Today marks earth "overshoot day" which essentially means the day when we are using more than the earth can replenish for the year.

Thursday, August 14, 2014

APES syllabus 8/18/14

Pitman High AP  “APES”
august 18, 2014 -–may 31, 2015
APES test = May 6th, 2015 (approximately) -  8am

                                                                                          
                                            bhofsteen@turlock.k12.ca.us 

Welcome to Advanced Placement Environmental Science and thank you for choosing to make this course part of your 2014-2015 school year.  Together we’ll make this year a success!!

Course Description                                                                                   
 In a word, this course is interdisciplinary, involving the fields of geology, ecology, biology, ocean and atmospheric sciences, climatology, chemistry, physics, toxicology, geography, economics, politics, and ethics, to name a few. This course is designed to be the equivalent of a college introductory environmental science course, both in the wide range of topics studied, and in the depth, specificity and detail of course material.

Course Goals
The goals of the AP Environmental Science course are to (1) provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships in the natural world, (2) to identify and analyze environmental problems or challenges (both natural and human-made), (3) to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems, and (4) to examine alternative solutions for resolving and/or preventing them.

While this course explores many different topic areas, the following themes serve as a foundation for the course:
 1. Interconnectedness: the Earth itself is one (very large) Interconnected System.                                 
 2. Sustainability: the environment functioning indefinitely without decline due to overuse.                         
 3. Energy Conversions: they underlie all Ecological Processes.                                                                          
 4. Environmental Challenges (“Problems”): these often have a Social & Cultural context.
 5. Human beings affect/alter natural systems: Human Systems rely on Natural Systems
 6. Environmental Science as a Process: Experimental Design, Critical Thinking  
                                               ____________________

How Can You Succeed in AP Environmental Science?  
Perhaps the most important prerequisite is a student’s interest, initiative, and motivation in the class. The degree to which a student becomes involved in AP Environmental Science is often indicative of the letter grade that is earned. If you are willing to devote the time, energy, and focus, you will likely do quite well in the course.

For some students, this course marks the fifth, sixth etc., AP course which they have taken. For others, AP Environmental Science is the initial AP science course they have enrolled in and/or the first AP course in any discipline which they have taken. The diversity of students in the course is one of the unique and outstanding aspects of APES.  This diversity very frequently contributes to an outstanding “class discussion” component of the course. I encourage you to ask questions, offer comments, and to share your ideas and perspectives on the environmental science topics that we explore. Many of the topics & issues explored in the course do not necessarily have “right” or “wrong” answers; there are typically many “shades of gray” and a spectrum of potential options. It is my hope that you will feel sufficiently comfortable in this class to actively participate on a regular basis.                    _____________________


Laboratory Experiments and Field Investigations
                              
Laboratory experiments and field investigations are designed to complement the “indoor classroom”, lecture-discussion portion of the course. Examples of lab and field work may include the following: 
          -Ecosystem Dynamics   -Soil Analysis        -Ecological Succession   -Air Pollution 
          -Population Studies        -Ozone Testing      -Carrying Capacity         -Solid Waste
          -Energy Consumption    -Toxicity Testing   -Water-Quality               -Water Inventory
          -Salmon Raising?    -Urban Planning    -UV Light Intensity          

 These labs and others are intended to encourage and promote students to:
 1. Think critically about environmental systems
 2. Develop and conduct well-designed experiments
 3. Utilize appropriate techniques and instrumentation
 4. Analyze and interpret data, including statistical and graphical presentations
 5. Think analytically and apply concepts to the solution of environmental problems
 6. Form conclusions and to evaluate their quality and validity
 7. Propose further questions for study, and 
 8. Communicate accurately and meaningfully about observations and conclusions.
Lab and field investigations/experiments will typically include a lab summary report or other written/typed “deliverable” upon completion of the lab.

Textbook 

 G.  Tyler Miller, Jr. & Scott E Spoolman’s Living in the Environment, 18th edition, published by Brookes/Cole. You will not necessarily need to bring your textbook to class daily. If you are/when you are going to bring it to school, please have a durable and protective cover on it. A thin, nylon book sock/sleeve offers little protection for the text corners, so please reuse something like a brown paper store bag. Please do not use sticky (e.g., contact paper) wrapping and thanks for not placing tape directly on text pages and/or inside the cover. Damaged books, including clearly crumpled/bent textbook corners, may require payment from the student for repair. --Thanks.

 Grading:
Students will be evaluated through performance on the following:
Chapter/topic Exams, Quizzes, two Quarter Finals and a Semester I Final Exam, Question-Sets, Laboratory and Field Reports, Written & Oral Reports and other written work.  

Letter grades --- scale:

      A = 90- 100%    B = 80-89%   C = 70-79%   D = 60-69%    F = 59% and below


-“Grading” continued on next page

1.       Exams: chapter/topic exams over 1, 2, 3, or 4 chapters at a time - - please see our Course  Timeline; 35-85 Multiple-Choice (M/C) at 2 points each, generally; Free-Response Questions (FRQs) will typically be given every 1-3 chapters and are worth 30 points. You may also see fill-in-the blank test questions. Please Note: Make-Up Exams may be of a different format than the scheduled exam. Exams will comprise approximately 65-70% of the total course pts.
2.       Quizzes: announced, unannounced, no-notes, open-note; generally 5-15 questions, 10-30 points, given once (or twice) a week. Please “be good to yourself” by keeping up with the assigned reading and asking questions. 
3.       Laboratory and Field work Reports/Write-ups: 20-50 points each, generally. Some of these will be more formal/expanded, while some will be rather brief.
4.       Chapter Question Sets: typically 20-25 points; generally due the day of that topic exam   
5.       Article/Essay/Reading questions, opinion pieces, summaries, and responses.
 (~1-page)
6.       Quarter Exams: Cumulative First Qtr. Final Exam: Tues., Oct. 19th ,2012: 100 M/C =
200pts. and a Third Qtr. Final Exam: March 15, 2013: 100 M/C questions = 200 pts.
7.       Semester Exam: Semester I Cumulative Final Exam: December 21, 2012.
(200-250 M/C questions; approximately 17-20% of semester grade.)            
8.       Other assignments and projects: Special reports and oral presentations.
9.       Post-May AP Exam Assignments: assignments between May 2 and June 9. 
10.   Bonus Point Opportunities: to be announced in class
Example:  Tuolumne River Trust river clean-up September 29th, 2012 9am-Noon.  Legion Park, Modesto.                                

Homework”, Taking Notes, “Being Present”, “The Approach
                                                                                        
                As will be the case in many of the science (and other) courses that you will take in college, “homework” is primarily READING (and thinking about what is read) in AP Environmental Science.  A “typical” reading assignment for a given day is 6 to 9 pages in our text. While our text is quite comprehensive and generally viewed as one of the best textbooks available for an introductory, college-level Environmental Science course on the market, all course & exam content of significance is NOT necessarily in the textbook. You will see information on exams and quizzes which is NOT from the text. In the event that you are not able to be in class due to illness, an appointment or other reason, it may be helpful to have several friends in the course whom you could easily contact to touch base with regarding class notes and other material that you might have missed.  

Being attentive, listening, contributing, asking questions, sharing your perspective and opinion on topics and issues, offering comments, observing, thinking, pondering, weighing and taking notes is definitely recommended. By taking notes on text readings, class lectures and discussions, videos, and other sources, you will be creating what should be a very valuable STUDY GUIDE to prepare for all exams and quizzes, including the International May AP Exam on Monday, May 6, 2013.

Taking Notes is definitely recommended.




The May AP Exam: Monday, May 6 (approximately), 2015 - Morning Exam
It is my hope and expectation that students enrolled in AP Environmental Science will take this exam. If you are willing to put forth the effort and devote the necessary time, you will be putting yourself in a desirable position in terms of being very successful on the May AP Exam.

The AP Environmental Science Exam is three hours in length and consists of two parts:
    Part I: 100  Multiple-Choice Questions in 90 minutes     =   60% of score
    Part II:    4  Free-Response Questions in 90 minutes        =  40% of score
The AP Environmental Science Exam is created by the Test Development Committee, which is supported by the College Board and the Educational Testing Service. This group is made up of 10 people (3 E.T.S. consultants and 7 individuals who serve a four year term on the committee.)

Part I. Multiple-Choice Questions: The number of M/C questions taken from each of the 7 major topic areas in the course outline is reflected in the percentage next to each topic. For example, you can expect to see 10-15 M/C questions dealing with Topic I, Earth Systems and Resources. You will see “Question Sets” (2-5 questions which draw upon the same set of 5 choices), “stand alone questions”, as well as a few “Roman Numeral” format questions.

PART II. Free-Response Questions: The FRQ section emphasizes the application of principles in more depth than a M/C question can involve. You will need to organize answers to questions, demonstrating reasoning and analytical skills, as well as the ability to
synthesize material from several sources into cogent and coherent written responses. You should note that Environmental Science AP FRQs are best described as written responses in which the student specifically and comprehensively addresses the question stems. Given this, Environmental Science AP FRQs are NOT five paragraph “classic” essays. Unless specifically called for in the question, there is no need for an introductory paragraph, concluding paragraph, or restatement of the questions. 

There are 3 types of FRQs:  
                 1. Data analysis/Calculation-based/Lab-based or Lab-design: (1 FRQ)
                 2. Document-based (could involve a Lab-design and/or a Calculation): (1 FRQ)
                 3. Synthesis and Evaluation: (2 FRQs)

The data analysis/calculation-based FRQ provides you with one or more data sets, or
numerical values and then asks you to respond to specific questions regarding this data.
In a lab-design FRQ you are asked to set up an experiment based on information given.
The document-based FRQ presents you with a news article, an advertisement, a pamphlet, or other document, and asks you to apply knowledge of environmental science in responding to 2-6(a, b, --- a, b, c, d, e) question stems related to the document.
The synthesis/evaluation FRQ is a series of 2-5 question stems which do not include a data-set or a document. Most FRQs consist of 3 (a, b, c) or 4 parts (a, b, c, d), while two part, five part, and six part FRQs are not as common.

The Course and The May AP Exam
     As previously stated, students enrolled in AP Environmental Science are expected to
  take the May AP Environmental Science Exam. We will meet as a class approximately
  180 times, with about 162 of these class meetings taking place prior to the May AP
  Exam.  Over the course of the academic year, we will thoroughly explore every major  
  Environmental Science topic.  Given the format of the May 6th  AP Exam (only 100 M/C 
  and 4 FRQs), it is not possible for this exam to be as detailed and comprehensive as the
  “sum” or “product” of  the 143 class meetings which we will share this year prior to the
  May 2nd Exam. You will have 3 hours to take the May AP Exam, responding to questions 
  dealing with those major Environmental Science topic areas which we have spent 143
  hours or so of class  time exploring, plus all of the hours devoted to text readings, note-
  taking, and preparation for exams, quizzes and assignments outside of class throughout
  the year.
  The May AP Exam is One part of this course; - This three hour exam is important for 
  multiple reasons, but it is not necessarily “The End” or “The Summit”. Your consistent
  interest,  involvement, focus, and effort in this course  will put you in fine position for
  doing a superb job on the May Exam. 

Our class meetings, daily readings and other assignments/homework, notes, discussions,
  labs, field-work, simulations, video segments, and other class work will prepare you for
  our chapter/topic exams and quizzes. This effort, work, and dedication will also prepare you 
  for the May AP Exam.

      The Course will take care of the Exam.        … The journey is the destination …

Again, thanks for choosing to be a part of AP Environmental Science. I am very glad that you are going to be with us and hope that this course proves relevant, meaningful, practical, and applicable this year and for the rest of your life.   

             rock on!




AP Environmental Science
In-Depth Course Syllabus**
**Dates on This syllabus are approximate and Fluid**

Unit 1: Introduction to Environmental Science
Aug. 20- Sept. 6  [13 Class Meetings]
·         Ch. 1 - Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
§  Major Concepts:
ü  What is environmental science
ü  Sustainability
ü  Ecological footprints
·         Ch. 2 - Science, Ecological Principles, and Sustainability
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Hypothesis and theory
ü  Experimental design
ü  A review of matter, energy, systems, and feedback
·         Ch. 3 - Ecosystems: What are they and how do they work?
§  Major Concepts:
ü  10% rule
ü  Biological levels of organization
ü  Food webs
ü  Primary productivity
ü  Nutrient cycling
Assignments
o   Guided Reading Q’s Ch. 1-3
o   Newspaper scrAPEbooks – 25 quarterly enviro-themed articles.
o   $100K Philanthropy Committee.
o   Readings by Olmstead, Muir, Pinchot, Black Elk – Comparative Essay
o   Biogeochemical cycles graphic organizer
Activities
o   Calculating Ecological Footprints with report
§  www.footprintnetwork.org. complete an authentic and an "ideal" portrait. Students will share their results with the class and discuss why the baseline for ANY American is 3 Earths worth of resources.
o   Borneo Cat Drop
o   Carbon Cycle Experience
Labs
o   Experimental Design Lab using radish seeds (1 class periods to create, 1 class to analyze one week later)
§  Focus is on proper experimental design and data collection. Students will write a formal lab report.
o   Food Web Lab (1 day in class)
§  Students will understand concepts and terminology involved in food chains, food webs, keystone species as well as productivity pyramids and bio magnification.  It will also allow students to understand the impact of perturbations to the systems.
o   Bury Garbage for Lab in March

Tests
o   Reading Quizzes
o   Exam Ch. 1-3
o   FRQ (Free Response Question) Exam #1

Unit 2: Biodiversity and Evolution
Sept 7 – Oct 10   [24 Class Meetings]
·         Ch. 4 - Biodiversity and Evolution
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Evolution and natural selection
ü  Speciation
ü  Endemism
ü  Extinction
ü  Biodiversity, species richness
ü  Generalists and specialists
ü  Indicator, keystone, and nonnative species
·         Ch. 5 - Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Species interactions
ü  Coevolution
ü  Population growth, age structure diagram
·         Ch. 9 – Sustaining Biodiversity: The Species Approach
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Extinction types/rates
ü  Endangered / threatened species
ü  The value of biodiversity
ü  Causes of species loss – HIPPCO
ü  Environmental Laws
ü  Protection
·         Ch. 10 – Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Ecosystem Approach.
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Old growth forest / deforestations
ü  Sustainable forest management
ü  The edge effect
ü  Sustainable rangeland management
ü  Parks and nature preserves
ü  Biodiversity hotspots
ü  Restoration projects
Assignments
o   Guided Reading Q’s Ch 4,5,9,10
o   National Park Report
o   Environmental Laws student presentations
o   Local Endangered Species research brochure & Oral Report
o   Invasive Species “Most Wanted” posters


Activities
o   Parking Lot biodiversity using Shannon-Weiner Index calculations.

Labs
o   Wooly worm evolution lab (1.5 Class)
§  Students will become familiar with how adaptations affect survival and reproduction and how this ultimately affects gene frequency.  Students will analyze data with a Chi square test.
o   Arthropod Diversity Lab (1 day outside, 2 classes for lab analysis)
§  Students collect insect from various sites around campus using quadrant sampling techniques.  Areas are assessed for vegetation type and cover, humidity, temperature, development etc.  Homemade Burlese funnel will be used to analyze number and type of arthropod collected.
o   Ecosystem Column Lab (1 day set-up , 8 weeks of observation)
§  Students will explore several types of ecosystems during an 8 week period using recycled and stacked 2-liter bottles.  Students will investigate and report on abiotic and biotic factors in each chamber, sustainability maintenance, water quality monitoring, soil testing and interconnectedness between various chambers within the column.

Tests
o   Ch, 4, 5, 9 & 10 Exam
o   FRQ Exam 2
o   Reading quizzes.

Unit 3: Human Population
Oct 11 – Nov 7  [20 Class Meetings]
·         Ch. 6 – Human Population and its Impact
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Human Population Growth
ü  Fertility Rates and Replacement levels
ü  Age structure diagrams
ü  Demographics
ü  Life expectancies.

·         Ch. 17 – Environmental Hazards and Human Health
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Risk
ü  Disease
ü  Carcinogens/mutagens
ü  PCB’s/mercury
ü  Toxicology
ü  LD-50 dose response curves

·         Ch. 22 Sustainable Cities
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Urban growth & sprawl
ü  Pros and cons of urbanization
ü  Transportation
ü  Land use planning

Assignments
o   Guided Reading Q’s 6, 17, 22
o   Face the Nation research project
o   Population Math problems
o   Research Hilmar Cheese Discharge, Geer Road Landfill or Kettleman City Toxic Dump.
o   Case Study: Mercury Poisoning & Sequoia Nat’l Park
Activities
o   Age structure diagrams using US, Japan & Mexico population data.
o   Cemetery Demographics
Labs
o   LC-50 of energy drinks (1 class)
§  Students will use their favorite energy drink to determine LC-50 for each drink on brine shrimp and/or blood worms.  Students will write a formal lab report.
Tests
o   1st Quarter Final
o   Ch 6, 17, 22 Exam
o   FRQ Exam 3
o   Reading Quizzes

Unit 4: Our Atmosphere
Nov 8 – Nov 30  [17 Class Meetings]
·         Ch. 7 – Climate and Biodiversity
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Climate vs. Weather
ü  Wind & air currents
ü  Greenhouse effect
ü  Rain shadow effect
ü  Biomes / climatograms

·         Ch. 18 – Air Pollution
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Layers of the atmosphere
ü  Primary and secondary pollutants
ü  Nitrogen, sulfur, particulates, ozone, VOC, smog
ü  Acid deposition
ü  Indoor air pollution

·         Ch. 19 – Climate Change and Ozone Depletion
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Global Warming  - causes, effects
ü  Ozone layer depletion

Assignments
o   Guided Reading Questions Ch 7, 18, 19
o   Research Central Valley’s Air Quality, asthma rates and medical cost– report out.
§  Use valleyair.org & State of the Air App and www.lung.org
Activities
o   Student & Staff survey about people’s knowledge and beliefs about global climate change.
Labs
o   Modeling the Greenhouse Effect (1 Class)
§  Students construct miniature greenhouses with varying levels of plastic cover and gas content and monitor temperature compare to a control.  Students share data with class
o   Ozone Pollution ( 1 Class)
§  Students  will create Shoenbein Paper and then place it in various locations on campus, to be analyzed the next day.
o   Particulate Pollution (1 class)
§  On same day as ozone pollution lab, students will create particulate collection devices.  Results analyzed next day.
o   Acid Deposition Lab (home)
§  Students will construct a device to monitor local precipitation for pH. 
All four labs will be written-up as one formal lab report.
Tests
o   Ch 7, 18, 19 Exam
o   FRQ Exam #4

Unit 5 – Our Water Resources
Dec 3 – Dec 21, winter break, Jan 7 – Jan 31  [ 33 Class Meetings]
·         CH. 8 – Aquatic Biodiversity
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Zones – vertical
ü  Estuaries, wetlands, intertidal zones, open sea
ü  Lake types
ü  Watersheds / runoff

·         Ch. 11 – Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Over-fishing / types of fishing
ü  Introductions of fish and crabs
ü  Marine reserves/wetland protection

·         Ch. 13 – Water Resources
§  Major Concepts
ü  Sources of water: Ground, surface, ice, ocean, air
ü  Water shortages, drought, groundwater depletion
ü  Dams & reservoirs, flooding
ü  Desalinization
ü  Sustainable water use

·         Ch. 20 – Water Pollution
§  Major Concepts
ü  Point vs nonpoint pollution
ü  Eutrophication
ü  Ocean pollution
ü  Septic tanks
ü  Sewage treatment
Assignments
o   Guided Reading Q’s CH 8, 11, 13, 20
o   Coral Reef Paper Model
Activities
o   Tragedy of the Commons fishing excursion (1 class)
o   Hetch Hetchy Debate
o   California’s Peripheral Water Tunnel Lobbying Groups Activity
Labs
o   Freshwater Pollution in Ponds.
§  Student teams construct 4 ponds (control, organic pollution, acid pollution, salt pollution and monitor for one week.   Students will then investigate sources of organic & salinization pollution in the area.  Possible letters to local ag producers on how to mitigate effects.
o   Salinization Lab #2 ( 1 day set-up, 5-10 days growth, 1 day analysis)
§  Students will determine effect of salt on germination of common crop seeds.  Use results to write a report on the effect of salt concentration on seed germination and link information to salinization issues facing
o   Watershed Lab (Field Trip TBD – most likely in Sierra Foothills)
§  Water quality tests using probeware (DO, nitrates, phosphates, pH, turbidity, E.coli),  Soil quality tests, (pH, N, P, K), plot sampling and tree-ID.
o   Groundwater and canal water comparison (if canals are flowing)
§  Water quality tests using probeware (DO, nitrates, phosphates, pH, turbidity, E.coli),   Aquifer recharge pits (in town).
o   Wastewater Treatment Lab
§  Students will build a miniature sewage treatment system and investigate issues of cost/benefit ratios.
Tests
o   1st Semester Final (cumulative)
o   Ch. 8, 11, 13, 20 Exam
o   Reading quizzes
o   FRQ Exam 5

Unit 6:  Our Land Resources
Feb 1-13,  Presidents’ Holiday,  Feb  19 – Mar 8 [23 Class Meetings]
(Flexible dates due to Baby Hollister)
·         Ch 14.  Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Plate Tectonics
ü  Weathering
ü  Volcanoes earthquakes and tsunamis
ü  The rock cycle
ü  Mineral resources (high and low grade)
ü  Mining types and depletion time

·         Ch. 12 – Food, Soil, and Pest Management
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Under & malnutrition
ü  Types of Agriculture (pros & cons)
ü  Green revolution and organic farming
ü  Aquaculture
ü  Erosion/desertification/salinization/waterlogging
ü  Pesticide use and integrated pest management

·         Ch. 21 – Solid and Hazardous Waste
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Types of Solid Waste
ü  Hazardous Waste
ü  Waste Management
ü  Reduce, reuse, recycle
ü  Landfills / incinerators
Assignments
o   Guided Reading Questions, CH 12, 14, 21
o   Research local Superfund sites
o   Plate Tectonics Features (Google Maps, mrhollister.com)
Activities
o   GMF debate – 2 class days with court hearing
§  Students assigned roles (activist, farmer, lawyer,e tc).  Students critically examine arguments for and against Genetically Modified Foods. Judges will decide best argument and class will write a reflection essay explaining how their thinking may have changed during the debate.
o   SWAG bag - Personal Solid Trash Inventory collection and analysis
v  Personal trip required to California State Mining & Mineral Museum in Mariposa and Snelling Dredge Tailings.  Research historic Gold Rush town site within 75 miles of Turlock (other than Columbia and report back). 

Labs
o   Plate Tectonic Convection Mechanisms and resultant landforms (1 Class).
§  Students will use plastic shoe boxes and hot/cold water to mimic convection flow of plates.  They will then use various crustal analogues to research effects of crustal shortening, extension and sliding.
o   Soil Classification Lab –Soil sample from home (1 -2 Classes).
§  Students will use soil triangles, perform percolation test, test for N, P, K, and pH and use a hydrometer to determine soil texture.   They will then write a consultant letter to a local grower describing their findings and making recommendations for managing the land to grow a common field crop (corn, alfalfa, etc) or tree crop (almonds, walnuts, peaches).
o   Cookie Mining (1 Class)
§  Students buy supplies and mine for chocolate chips, then analyze cost vs profits in a mining operation. 
Tests
Ch 14, 12, 21 Exam
FRQ Exam 6

Unit 7: Energy Resources
Mar 11 – Apr 10 [ 17 Class Meetings]
·         Ch. 15 – Nonrenewable Energy
§  Major Concepts
ü  History of energy use
ü  Oil: Pros, cons, issues
ü  Natural gas, coal
ü  Nuclear Power

·         Ch. 16 Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
§  Major Concepts
ü  Energy conservation
ü  Solar energy
ü  Hydropower
ü  Wind power
ü  Biodiesel
ü  Geothermal
ü  Fuel cells

Assignments
Reading Guide Q’s Ch 15 & 16
Investigate TID’s energy portfolio and prices compared to outside providers.
Energy Calculations
Fracking Articles

Labs
o   Home Energy Audit
§  Students investigate amount of electricity that they use in their home and design a plan to reduce consumption.  Investigate links between electricity use and effects on the environment.  Present Findings to Class.
Tests
3rd Quarter Exam (cumulative for quarter)
Ch 15 & 16 Exam
Essay Exam 7

Unit 8:  Sustaining Human Societies
Apr 11 – May 1 [15 Class Meetings]
·         Ch. 23 – Economics, Environment, Sustainability
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Capital (natural, human, manufactured)
ü  Optimum resource use/cist-benefit analysis
ü  Poverty & microloans

·         Ch. 24 – Politics, Environment and Sustainability
§  Major Concepts
ü  Environmental policy
ü  Lobbying
ü  Public land management
ü  Environmental groups and education

·         Ch. 25 – Environmental Worldviews, Ethics and sustainability.
§  Major Concepts:
ü  Environmental Ethics
ü  Global positions on the environment
ü  Environmental literacy

Assignments
o   Guided Reading Q’s 23-25
o   Research – evaluating US policy on the environment during current and past 4 presidents.
City Planning Map
Students are given a map of pristine environment.  They must work in teams to design a city for 50,000 that is sustainable.  Students present their city plans to the class and analyze each plan.